Quitting smoking is one of the hardest things many of us will do. It is not only the nicotine that is addictive, but the chemicals and even the sugar. (2)
And there is a psychological element as well. Smokers for years associate puffing on something with a relaxing effect and that can be a habit which is hard to break. Especially with the stress of pregnancy.
That's why if you truly cannot quit smoking then electronic cigarettes can help; it gives you the nicotine that your body craves but without the 4000 chemicals and other harmful chemicals. The carbon monoxide especially is terrible for the baby, and just taking that away can help a great deal (according to the NHS).
E-cigarettes can also help with the psychological effect as well. As they are shaped in a cigarette shape and you breathe in vapour it feels more like a cigarette.
Second hand smoke is also not possible with e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes don't even produce smoke, but the vapour has been shown to have no adverse effect on people around it. (3)
And nicotine itself is "relatively harmless" (according to the Royal Collage of Midwives) to the baby, though (again) no nicotine would still be better.
Sadly there hasn't been much study on the effects of just e-cigarettes to help pregnant women, as e-cigarettes are still new. However we can at least draw some conclusions from the studies done with NRT (nicotine replacement therapy). NRT includes patches, gum and inhalators, all of which contain nicotine.
Dr Sue Cooper from the University of Nottingham studied the effect of NRT on pregnant women and unborn children in 2014 (4). She found that with NRT substantially improved the chances for babies to be born healthy.
Finally e-cigarettes can help where a lot of the NRT's can't.
As Cancer Research says, people who use NRT without professional help have the same chance of quitting as just going cold turkey (5). And if you compare NRT to E-cigarettes, you have a 60% better chance of stopping smoking with e-cigarettes then with NRT alone.
WHAT'S IN E-CIGARETTES?
E Cigarettes work by heating a liquid mixture containing nicotine, flavourings, vegetable glycerine and propylene glycol into an aerosol or 'vapour' that can be inhaled. Nicotine exchange still occurs in the lungs, like with smoking, but without tar or carbon monoxide also getting into the lungs, negatively impacting oxygen exchange.
Public Health England's evidence review found that E Cigarettes are at least 95% less harmful than tobacco cigarettes and Cancer Research UK's own study found E-Cigarettes to be around 97% less harmful! Public Health England put out a video comparing cigarette smoke and E-Cigarette vapour, showing the difference on cotton in a jar often used to simulate lungs. This demonstrates that E Cigarette use is a better choice for pregnant women if they must inhale nicotine over using other forms of nicotine replacement, if they are are having trouble quitting smoking.
2024 Update - The most comprehensive review to-date by Cochrane confirms that E-Cigarettes help people to quit smoking better than traditional nicotine replacement products (6), like nicotine patches and nicotine gum!
WHAT ARE THE OTHER FORMS OF NICOTINE REPLACEMENT?
In addition to electronic cigarettes, there are Nicotine Replacement Therapy products that can deliver nicotine to the body without the harms from cigarette smoke for quitting smoking. These include:
Nicotine patch - A transdermal patch that delivers nicotine through the skin.
Nicotine gum - Releases nicotine that is absorbed through the lining of the mouth.
Nicotine lozenges - Releases nicotine that is absorbed through the lining of the mouth.
Nicotine inhalator - allows the user to inhale nicotine via a mist.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy products can help to curb cravings when you quit smoking, but do not provide a substitute for the hand-to-mouth action that smokers are so used to. This is where electronic nicotine delivery systems - or e cigarettes - can be useful and, as recent studies indicate, could be more useful than NRT when you quit smoking.